Importance of BKC in Aquaculture ponds.

Hello everyone:
    If you are in the field of Aquaculture, then you heard the use of BKC in fish and shrimp ponds. BKC is an strong disinfectant. 
    It is an non alcoholic disinfectant.
BKC :
     Benzalkonium chloride. It have Ammonium ions and it is an Quaternary ammonium compound. If your pond have heavy algal blooms or your pond having excess organic matter, at that time we can use BKC in pond. If you are not using probiotics for many days in pond then it will leads to growth of harmful microorganisms in pond. At that time you can give BKC against bacteria, fungus that present in your pond. 

How BKC works on pond?
     It is an disinfectant and act against bacteria that present in pond. It also works against fungus, virus. It also treated against bacterial infection. It have an amphiphilic property which means it contains both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
Hydrophilic - attracts with water.
Hydrophobic - repels against water.

Example : Detergents - It also having amphiphilic property. When we use detergent with water, immediately the hydrophilic end forms on one side and hydrophobic region forms on one side then both combinely forms micelles. It forms foams and bubbles due to the presence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic region. In center of the region attracts oils or dusts.

The positive ions ( ammonium ions present on the hydrophilic region of the compound). Based on compounds.

       After applied into the water, these compounds actively bond with the negatively charged molecules. Bacteria also having negative charge.
The hydrophilic end of the compound(ammonium ions) bind with bacterial cell wall and then it's hydrophobic region penetrates into bacterial cell. By this way, it damages cell wall and causes lysis of bacteria.

Which type of bacteria have mostly affected by BKC?
      Gram positive bacteria is mostly affected by BKC application. In freshwater or low saline water, we can see the dominance of gram positive bacteria than gram negative.
 
Why it affects gram positive bacteria?
       Because, gram positive bacteria have no outer lipid membrane but gram negative bacteria have that membrane. The techoic acid present in gram positive bacteria, so it also causes more attraction of BKC to their cell wall. Gram positive bacteria lacks permeability, so BKC can easily damages it's cell.

      Some algae species like isochrysis, chlorella, chaetoceros also sensitive to BKC .

          If excess use or over dose of BKC in your pond affects the disease resistance of shrimp in later period. It affects the prophenoloxidase system of shrimp. It is the main system for defence in shrimp.
 So before using, it is better to get advice from consultant and also check the quality of product which is available in market.

        I already told, in excess temperature the reaction also high. So it is better to apply in afternoon time for better results. Pls follow my page for more info.
                     Thank you 😊.

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