Running mortality syndrome in vannamei farming....

Hello everyone:
         Everyone heard about Running mortality syndrome in vannamei farming. Use of chemicals, under high stocking density, improper environment management leads to occurance of new disease in shrimp farming. 

Difference between syndrome and disease:
          All are confusing, why we tell syndrome and tell disease. 
    Disease - from known pathogen. We can tell this disease is caused by this pathogen.
    Syndrome - we tell syndrome, when we don't know the proper causative agent for the infection. You can see occurance of group of symptoms. 

Running mortality syndrome:
      It is also one type of syndrome. Till we can't tell the proper reason for occurance of this syndrome. After stocking of shrimp, it dies daily from 30 or 40 th DOC. Daily death occurs and leads to very poor survival at the end of the culture. It leads to early harvest of the culture.
      From the histopathological analysis of various studies told , there is a presence of high B cells in hepatopancreas at early stage of shrimp death. 
       Red pigmentation occured at the hepatopancreas of the shrimp at earlier stage.
        After some days, the hepatopancreas turns reddish yellow in colour. Body colour also changed into reddish colour.

B cells :
      Hepatopancreas is the main organ in shrimp doing all of the functions from digestion to absorption of nutrients. It Involves in secretion of enzymes and various activities. It consists of four different types of cells called E, R, B, F cells. Among these cells, B cells doing major function in producing digestive enzymes and involve in metabolic activity. 
       RMS affected shrimp have high B cells in their haemolymph. It denotes that overfeeding is also one of the reason for that syndrome. If we give overfeed, then it affects the water quality and also increase hepatopancreas function especially B cells function, in the shrimp body. At that time the cells in the hepatopancreas may be affected. 

Vibrio:
         RMS affected shrimp shows negative for all types viral disease. But, the most common bacteria present in affected shrimp is vibrio. It is an opportunistic pathogen. If the shrimp in stress condition, then the shrimp immune system gets affected. At that time vibrio can easily affect the shrimp. Any abnormal water quality management, high stocking densities will causes stress to the shrimp.

Symptoms:
            Daily mortalities will come after 30 th DOC. Some time it may vary based on the condition of pond.
            Dead shrimp shows red colour in hepatopancreas region. Red colour also present in the Uropod of the shrimp.
            shrimp has white musculature on 2-4 th segment of the body.
            Sometimes, Sloughing of cells in body leads to release of white or yellow fecal matter.
            Improper feed taken, daily mortality.
            Antennae cut also occured.
Some of the reasons for the occurance:
             From the studies, they mentioned the RMS affected shrimp pond have improper water quality.
             RMS affected farm have high stocking densities than normal.
            RMS affected shrimp shows low amount of minerals in the body, compared to unaffected shrimp.
             Improper functioning of hepatopancreas cells due to overfeeding.
            Presence of stress and vibrio in the pond.
            Presence of turbidity also one of the reason for the occurance of Running mortality syndrome.

How to prevent :
           Maintain stress free environment for shrimp. Maintain optimum water quality like Ammonia , nitrite , H2S in shrimp pond. Partial exchange of water when you feel bad.
              Maintain turbid free water. Because excess turbidity also leads to cause stress to the shrimp. If turbid particles clog the gills of shrimp, then it also cause trouble and stress to the shrimp during respiration.
            Maintain optimum stocking density for the culture.
            Frequent use of probiotics to the pond to prevent harmful microorganisms in the pond.
             Proper feeding, based on the body weight. 
             Optimum maintenance of minerals ratio in the pond is good for culture.

These are the some of the reasons for the occurance of Running mortality syndrome in shrimp pond.Good pond maintenance will leads to good culture. 
                                Thank you 😊.

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