Minerals nutrition in shrimp - Important facts.

Hello all!! 
Hope you are doing well. This is Dhivagar and today we are going to see the overview on mineral nutrition in Penaeus vannamei. 

Why it's needed? 
Intensification is changing the scenario and minerals supplementation is must needed one. When you are doing culture in extensive system, there is no need for minerals supplementation, Hence Intensification changing the scenario in aquaculture. 

What is essential? 
Statement from Frieden - An element is considered essential when a deficient intake produces an impairment of function and when restoration of physiological levels of the element prevents or releives the deficiency. 

Minerals requirements of aquatic animals are depends on the environment in which they live. Penaeid shrimp are euryhaline species which can tolerate wide range of salinity. 

Research states, There is no difference in growth and survival when Penaeus vannamei reared in low to higher salinity. 

But, the only matter is composition of minerals in that water. Proportions of individual ions in culture water. It is depends on geographical locations but in general Sodium and Chloride are the major constituents in seawater. Followed by Magnesium and sulphate. 

Minerals requirements of Penaeid species:
Minerals requirements vary with organism. It's absolutely challenging to determine the minerals requirements on different life stages of Penaeus vannamei. Moulting cycle in shrimp plays major role on its minerals requirements. 
During ecdysis, shrimp absorbs most of the minerals from the old exoskeleton by secreting chitinase to breakdown. After shedding it quickly absorbs minerals from water for hardening. 
In this particular time, Haemolymph in shrimp shows higher minerals especially calcium. Hepatopancreas of shrimp shows less compared to haemolymph. Ca, P and K are important minerals that is majorly required during molting and shell hardening. 

In low saline aquaculture, we don't need to make all the minerals in the exact ratio as seawater have. By adding certain minerals can overcome the challenges and requirements. Some minerals plays vital role in oxidation, stress and overall growth performance of shrimp, if the level exceeds, soon it will cause major problem in growth and disease. For instance, we can say supplementation of copper. It is commonly used as a algicide but it's supplementation of less than 0.3 ppm can increase the overall performance of shrimp. There are many other interesting facts about the minerals in growth of shrimp. 
Will continue the same on next blog... 

Comment your thoughts about minerals and it's supplementation in aquaculture. 


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