Why the effect of nitrifiers is more on substrates?.

Hello everyone:
       Today we will see about nitrifiers. 
In our culture pond, we give any nitrifiers? 
All are studied that Nitrosomonas and nitrobacter is involved in nitrification. 

But the truth in our pond is fully different... 
      These Nitrosomonas and nitrobacters are chemolithotrophic bacterias. But, we uses mostly heterotrophic bacteria for effective nitrification in our pond. 

1. The important thing is proliferation time. Nitrifiers takes more time upto several hours for proliferation in water. But heterotrophic bacteria needs minimal time. 
2. These heterotrophic bacterias have the ability for forming spores. So, it remains active in the shrimp pond at several intervals. 
      But, nitrifiers are not able to form spores. 
3. The important thing in nitrifiers is, they can complete the nitrification at super fast only in the presence of excess of ammonia. So only  the nitrifiers only used in the waste water treatment plants, and present in the biofilters. It requires excess ammonia. 
4. These nitrifiers can produce extracellular polymeric substance, a slime like substances which leads to sticking on any substrates. So only I already told, effect of nitrification is faster in periphyton like biofilms. 
      Due to that substances, these nitrifiers forms biofilm and attached to some substrates and effectively doing nitrification. It also requires oxygen and sunlight for effective process. 

Constraints..... 
        Many constraints present in shrimp pond, while using the nitrifiers. They requires optimum temperature for the growth, they requires optimum pH, they requires high nutrient.... 

Important thing is.... They are mostly halophilic in nature.. We doing vannamei in low saline water. So salinity also causes impact on growth and proliferation of nitrifiers. 

* When the pH goes excess of 8.4 then it's growth affected. Likewise Temperature also.. 
Many commercial products are available. But they must be used at only certain extreme conditions. After application, it takes some more times for starting the process.....  Many facts present about nitrifiers... For more info... Contact me... 
                  Thank you. 

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