Possible routes for the transmission of disease in shrimp.

Hello everyone! 
Today we are going to see the possible routes for the transmission of disease in shrimp. 

As world population grows, there is increases in protein demand. People finds ways to produce protein food. In that case, Aquaculture serving as a perfect platform for producing protein by the means of culturing aquatic organism. 

On one side, there is a development of broodstock, genetic lines, intensification of culture system, functional feeds and supplements. On the other hand, disease caused by bacteria and virus are threatening the industry. 

Vibrio species are the important pathogens that causes loss to the global aquaculture industry. Whatever we made to control Pathogenicity, it's not upto the mark. In this blog, we are going to look the details about different routes of entry in shrimp. 

In general, we are thinking that, environmental contamination is the main route for transmission of disease from one shrimp to another. But it certainly not. There are different possible routes are suspected for the entry of pathogen into shrimp. 
Possibilities are as follows, 
1. Through feeding of infected shrimp or contaminated feed. 
2. Through the environment. 
3. Transovarially(still remains controversial). 
4. Antennal gland? 
5. From parent? 
The exact portal of entry is still unknown. The gut of the shrimp is completely covered with non-penetrable layer. It act as a barrier against bacteria or virus. But, the antennal gland remains suspected that, it may serve as a port of entry for disease causing pathogens to the shrimp. 

Important function of antennal gland:
1. Hemolymph filtration. 
2. Osmoregulation. 

Susceptibility to disease depends upon the salinity. This paved the way to focus research on antennal gland. It plays major role in osmoregulation. 

Additionally, some of the infection are found in the antennal gland which adds additional support for the suspect of the antennal gland. 
Research conducted by challenging WSSV in shrimp revealed intresting results. Once the WSSV was inoculated into intrabladder of the region. After challenge, urine and hemolymph samples were taken every 12hours.During hyposalinity exposure , shrimp tries to maintains its hemolymph osmolarity by expelling fluid via their excretory organ. Which leads to frequent opening of organ and may lead to pathogen exposure. 
In this case, virus detected after 12hrs of Postinfection in the urine. Only after 24 hrs, the virus detected in the hemolymph of the shrimp. 
This is one of the evidence that suggests the pathogen entry into the shrimp. 

Some relatable questions.. 
1. If we maintain better minerals ratio, will it reduce mortality? 
2. Why minerals and potassium applied most during RMS time in low saline ponds? 

Will continue this topic in next blog. 

There are many questions you can relate with disease and osmoregulation.

Comment your thoughts..... 

Thanks for reading. Share and follow for more. 

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