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What is the extent of the Tilapia Lake Virus's impact on the aquaculture industry?
What are the current research trends regarding viruses in aquaculture?
We will now proceed to discuss the topic.
Tilapia is a significant farmed fish globally; however, diseases pose a considerable threat to the industry. Disease occurrence stems from numerous factors, with Tilapia Lake Virus being particularly concerning.
Tilapia infected with TiLV have exhibited mass mortality rates of up to 90%. Mortality rates are also influenced by the size and life stage of the animals. While initially, this virus specifically infected only tilapia, recent studies indicate that TiLV can also infect other species under experiemental challenge conditions.
Significant financial losses, reaching up to 100 million USD, have been reported in regions of Egypt and other Middle Eastern countries due to TiLV infections. Subsequently, this infection has become more prevalent in South and Southeast Asian countries, affecting domestic production.
Aquatic systems harbor numerous opportunistic pathogens. In this instance, Aeromonas sp. plays a significant role in exacerbating mortality rates in tilapia already infected with TiLV. Pathogenicity studies have revealed higher mortality rates in the TiLV+A.hydrophila infected group compared to the TiLV infected group alone.
Symptoms:
Common symptoms observed in many diseases include skin erosion, fin erosion, exophthalmia, lethargic swimming, bulging eyes, and septicemia. Preliminary microbial analysis is crucial for detecting infections. Identification of the infectious agent cannot occur without screening for pathogens. In the case of TiLV infection, similar symptoms have been noted in fish.
Physical symptoms may vary based on location and the microbial population present in the water.
Farmers should be knowledgeable in animal dissection, the observation of organ abnormalities, and other fundamental parameters.
Recent research indicates that vaccine development is crucial for therapeutic interventions. Regular viral sampling is essential to enhance vaccine efficacy. Furthermore, adjuvants are pivotal in eliciting immune responses in tilapia against bacterial and viral infections. It is imperative to implement stringent biosecurity protocols, select highly resistant brooders, and adopt advanced farm management practices.
Tilapia is the best choice for any farmer who wishes to start farming. Market reach, reducing cost of production, disease prevention and management are playing important roles for the success. I hope the new innovations will pave the way for implementing better farming practices.
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For more info, pls contact:
P.Dhivagar BFSc,
dhivagarfcri2000@gmail.com
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