Seepage issues in aquaculture ponds...

Hello everyone:

Today we will see about seepage issues in aquaculture. 

First I want to tell one example - Life is not same for all people, it varies depends on individual person situation, if any good thing is happened to one person, the same thing won't work for another person.. 

Wait... Why are you telling this... 

Most farmers thought seepage is very good... 😳 because if any succeed people have seepage pond then they thought seepage pond is good. But it is not worked for all ponds. 

Now you compare my example! 

Seepage:

      Site selection and pond construction is very important. Perfect soil with good water holding capacity is important for pond construction. 

* The adjacent site must not be taller than your pond. 

* Your dike must be perfect height enough to prevent entry of outside water. 

       When the pond is aged or the soil is loosed or your site is shallow or higher from the near water sources are the important factors leads to seepage. 

It is like diffusion process.. Movement of water from high concentration to low concentration. 

        The pond embankment must be properly compacted at regular interval of time. The soil selected for dike construction must have plasticity. It means clayey soils not preferred dor dike construction. Because when it becomes dry then it breaks and leads to seepage. 

      Seepage water carries water borne pathogens into pond. It causes various difficulties on culture. It reduces the water level in pond. The soil can't able to hold more nutrients. 

Treatment:

        Most of the treatments are cost effective. Pond liners requires more cost. Most of the farmers in India follow culture in earthern system only. 

       Sodium bentomite - it is effective coagulant and absorbs more water and widely it is used as pond sealer. But excess amount reduces pH ( due to presence of aluminium and iron) in pond and absorbs more nutrients. 

        Some farmers strongly compact the bottom layer with bentomite. 

        Some farmers uses clayey soil over the top of the bottom and make it more compact. 

         Other pond materials must be properly sealed like pipes, sluice edges and others.. 

Proper selection and proper renovation at particular interval make the pond more productive... 

                        Thank you🙏. 

For more info and consultancy, 

P. Dhivagar BFSc. 

9384346193.

Email : dhivagarfcri2000@gmail.com

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Interesting facts about aflatoxin in feed ingredients...

Hello everyone:

        Today we will see about interesting topic on aflatoxin. 

1. How many of you noticed the aflatoxin range in your feed bag? 

     Some feed companies mentions the range of aflatoxin on feed if they have more plant based meal in that feed. 

Now, there are many questions arising within your mind, right?, we will see in brief, why they mentioned and what is the need. 

We are farmers, we don't know more details, just we bought feed and give feed to the organism. But you have to know about the aflatoxin. 

Aflatoxin is a mycotoxin, in short it is a toxin which is produced from the fungus Aspergilus flavus and Aspergilus parasiticus. 

    Oprimum temperature: These are developed at high temperature especially more than 32 degree celcius and developed at high moisture or humidity conditions. 

    These are mostly formed and produce toxins in plant based ingredients. Cereals, nuts etc... Selection and storage of ingredients is important. 

Nowadays, plant based proteins are mostly used so it is important to analyse the quality. Because, toxin producing fungus which is mostly present on these type of ingredients. 

   Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2 are found toxins and produced by certain species. On these above, aflatoxin B1 is most toxic. You can see in any feed bag, they mentioned the aflatoxin range. 

Permissible range in ingredients:

   It is recommended that, more than 20 ppb that means 20 microgram per kg is toxic and cause lethal effects on fish. 

Tilapia and catfishes shows more resistant effects on aflatoxin at certain high range dose. 

Toxic effects:

      It causes liver damage in fish. Some species can't able to convert the toxin so it leads to death. Poor FCR, survival loss, running mortality, damaged liver are the major problems. 

High levels of aflatoxin also cause tremendous effect on human also.

Precautions:

      It is mostly heat stable at Normal cooking temperatures. It is unstable and disintegrate under the treatment of gamma rays. Proper storage and handling of ingredients is one of the best way. 

      Crops must be prevented from the insects. Proper using of insecticides also important. 

Cold water species shows very sensitive to aflatoxin effects. Presence of aflatoxin at the range of 0.4 ppb also shows carcinogenic effect on fish liver in cold water species. 

Check the feed bag if your feed have more combination of plant based meal. Some hardy species like tilapia and catfishes have resistant but other species like crustaceans are not more resistant to this toxins. 

                   Thank you... 

Follow my page for more info. 

For further info about consultancy .. 

Pls be free to contact me.. 

Name : P. Dhivagar BFSc, 

Email : dhivagarfcri2000@gmail.com

Contact no : 9384346193

How to select different feed ingredients for preparing mash feed at low cost..

Hello everyone:

        We all know the inland fish production is very high compared to coastal farming. But the market price, high FCR, improper selection of ingredients, use pellet feeds, poor knowledge will leads to slow growth and reduce profit.

Best solution is here.... 

      Most of the farmers using only mash feeds in their carp ponds. Very specific regions only have good market price for carps and tilapia. 

     The other important factor for slow growth is improper protein in the selected ingredient. 

     There are many nutritional factors deficient will suppress the growth of the animal. Researchers identified in one species, which is fed with low level of (Thiamine) - vitamin  and high percent of carbohydrates source which will leads to death of fishes. 

Why it is died? 

      Because, thiamine plays an very important role in the carbohydrate metabolism. If presence of any mineral like copper then it will destroys the thiamine function. So, thiamine deficiency leads to improper digestion and absorption of carbohydrate in fish body. 

Important factors. 

       The protein percent must be based on the species, temperature, water productivity, average body weight, health condition of the fish . If we blindly applying feed based on body weight then it cause water quality problems in pond. 

       Feed formulation and application is an important factor. 

Mostly available ingredients for farmers:

1. Rice bran. 

2. Wheat bran. 

3. Soyabean. 

4. Ground Nut oil cake. 

5. Rice. 

6. Corn flour. 

7. Some of fodder plants for herbivores. 

8. Animal based ingredients which are available at local place like chicken wastes, fish silage etc.. 

These are mostly used. 

Requirement:

1. Species? 

2. Stocking density? 

3. Average body weight? 

4. Nutritional requirement at that stage of growth? 

If you answer the first three questions, I will briefly gives you the feed formulation for the certain species and how much should be fed in a day and all detailsdetails with the ingredients you have in your farm. 

* These all details provides based on the market price and based on production costs. So don't fear for the cost related problems. 

IMPORTANT :

           For the detailed information about shrimp farming, pls refer the previous posts.

GOOD NEWS 🥰

   NOW GOING TO START CONSULTANCY OFFICIALLY. TO GIVE SUPPORT AND ALSO PROMOTES AQUACULTURE ACTIVITIES ESPECIALLY SHRIMP AND FISH FARMING IN TAMILNADU. I NEED ALL OF YOUR BLESSINGS AND SUPPORT. 

 if your friend needs to start farming or need technical support, pls refer us for the detailed work. 

This is my #50th post.... 

Share this post at maximum for better reach....... 

               Thank you🙏. 

P.Dhivagar, BFSc

Email : dhivagarfcri2000@gmail.com

Mbl : 9384346193.

Exploring different chemicals in aquaculture.. Calcium chloride - Part 1.

Hello everyone:

         Today we will see about the use of calcium chloride in aquaculture. 

Is it safe to use calcium chloride in pond? 

       In my opinion, calcium chloride is not the first choice of application in pond. Anyway it is safe, it hardens the shells, the hydronium ions formed from the reaction of calcium chloride with water helps to maintains hardness and alkalinity. 

Calcium chloride reacts with water and produces cao and HCl. Then HCl reacts with water and forms Hydronium ions. Heat is formed in this reaction. 

What is the reaction? 

       Calcium chloride is present in the form of small stone like structures. The ions are  with ionic bonds. Mixing of calcium chloride with water is an exothermal reaction. 

     

       It is an reaction, when one substance reacts with other substances and producing heat energy. Calcium chloride mix with water and produces calcium oxide and hydrochloric acid. This hydrochloric acid reacts with water and produces hydronium ions. 

         In this reaction heat energy is produced by reacting calcium chloride with water.

              Exothermal - releases heat to the surroundings. 

The mixing of calcium chloride with water produces more heat. So it is advised to the farmers who using calcium and magnesium chloride, be aware and careful. 

Can I use? 

     If you have low saline water or if you don't have any other minerals in stock or if your water hardness is low or if your alkalinity is stable means, you can try this at evening time to make this direct availability for animals. 

      If you found more freshly moulted shrimps in your pond, you can use calcium chloride for faster hardens and shell formation. 

  These are the some of the facts about calcium chloride. 

For more info... Contact me... Follow my page. 

             Thank you🙏. 

Triple salt - One of the best disinfectant for aquaculture...

Hello everyone:

          Today we will see about the one of best disinfectant used for aquaculture. 

            Here we all are knows about Bleaching, Potassium permanganate, Hydrogen peroxide. But the other important and powerful disinfectant called triple salt which not leave any residues in your pond environment. 

Triple salt:

           It has chemical composition of Potassium monopersulfate  or potassium peroxymonosulphate. It have other names like oxone etc.. 

           It has a strong oxidizing agent. It can kills wide variety of algae, bacteria, virus, fungi and other protozoan in your pond. 

# Various trials shows, it has good effect against Vibrio harveyi in shrimp farming.

How it works... 

       It also oxidizing agent only. It also kills or invades microorganisms by creating oxidative stress and leads to formation of free radicles in an organism. 

     It also oxidizes various organic matter in effective manner. It oxidizes nitrite, hydrogen sulphide, chlorine residues etc.. 

Best way of application.... 

       If you applied bleaching in pond then after a day you can apply triple salt. 

What is the reason for the application of triple salt after bleaching? 

      Now, studies conclude that some of the bacteria and virus have the resistance against chlorine. But those same bacteria and virus doesn't have any resistance against triple salt. And another advantage is it also makes the pond chlorine free. It also oxidizes another organic load in the pond. 

Which time can I apply? 

        Always preferred to apply at high temperature time, not more temperature some optimum temperature between 30-34 degree celcius. It's effect long lasting for certain minutes which is less than 30 minutes.

        This time also depends on the temperature at the time of application. 

Can I use in ongoing culture? 

      Yes, sure. You can use this disinfect on ongoing culture. It is saled by some of companies with different brand name. But the dose of application is very less between 0.25-1 ppm. Also based on pond situation.... 

                     Thank you🙏.. 

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