Why chelated minerals are preferred for supplementation in shrimp diet?

Hello everyone:

        Today we will see about importance of chelated minerals in low saline water. 

       P.vannamei is an excellent osmoregulators. They are suitable for culture from 0.5 to 40 ppt. But we have to do some additional supplementation in low saline water for better growth and survival. 

        

Requirements for low saline water: 

       Whatever the shrimp are excellent osmoregulators, there are certain drawbacks found at low saline. Sodium chloride, calcium, magnesium, potassium are the important minerals which must required at certain concentations. 

      But these minerals are not found in optimum range in low saline water. 

Potassium:

        If you are doing culture at low saline water, you must check the potassium level. It is an important mineral for growth and survival. It plays major role in shrimp body. 

Supplements:

 1. Is minerals supplements are effective? 

       Yes, if your water does not have optimum mineral ratio, you can give those minerals by two ways.

         # Addition of minerals to the water. 

        # Better to give the deficient mineral through feed supplement. 

     These are the ways, if you are giving through the supplement , we can reduce the minerals requirement for water. 

2. Which form of mineral is better? 

        Chelated form is better. 

3. Why chelated form is better? 

         First you have to know the exact definition for chelation. Chelated compounds forms multiple bonds which can easily bind to the organic molecules such as amino acids which is present inside of the body. 

      By this multiple bonding, it is easy for absorption of required minerals to the various parts of the body. 

4. What about results? 

           There are many success crop recorded in low saline water. The minerals such as sodium chloride, magnesium, potassium supplementation shows better growth and survival in low saline farming. 

5. Is coating agent important? 

           Most of the farmers mixing minerals with feed by using water. By adding water there is a less chance for leaching of minerals from feed. 

        These are the some of ways to improve survival and growth in low saline shrimp farming. 

                            Thank you.. 

P. Dhivagar BFSc, 

9384346193.

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Importance of lysozyme on development of immunity and prevention of white feces in P. vannamei.

Hello everyone:

      Today we will see about importance of lysozyme enzyme for antibacterial activities in P. vannamei. 

Major problem:

       Majority of shrimp farmers facing white feces syndrome in earlier stage of culture. This will leads to severe economic loss. The exact reason was unknown but vibrio is the important pathogen which associated with majority of infection. 

Ways to reduce white feces syndrome. 

      Different ways followed to reduce or postpone the occurance of white feces. 

# Avoid overfeeding. 

# Maintanence of beneficial bacterial population. 

# Seed selection. 

# # # Maintanence of nursery system. 

# Avoid the accumulation of organic load. 

# Maintain gut health from initial days of culture. 

These are some of the ways for treating white feces. 

Lysozyme effect:

        Lysozyme plays major role in antibacterial activity in shrimp. C type lysozyme is majorly present in shrimps. It is an enzyme which inhibits the growth of bacteria by destructing the cell walls of pathogen. They brokes the enzyme linkages in cell wall and leads to cell death. 

       These enzyme activity is noticed in three important parts of shrimp. Gills, lymphoid organ and gut have major activity of lysozyme. These three places are important for invading the harmful pathogens. 

       There is a lot of chances for bacterial accumulation in gills. When the lysozyme activity is higher and there is a possibility of removing harmful pathogens from body is high. 

        Researchers told the lysozyme inclusion shows antibacterial activity against vibrio species which are the important threat for white feces. 

Egg white with lysozyme:

       Chicken egg white contains majority of lysozyme. Supplementation of lysozyme contained egg plays important role in prevention of white feces in shrimps. 

        The lysozyme present in the egg white invades harmful pathogens from shrimp body and increases the phenoloxidase activity. 

        They are showing activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. They also showing increased immunity, growth and survival. By this, we can prevent or postpone the occurance of white feces if the shrimp is negative for EHP. 

        Checking for EHP at 15 and 30 DOC is very important. Maintaining good water quality and pathogen free environment will give good results on culture. 

   

                        Thank you. 

Contact for more info..... 

P. Dhivagar BFSc, 

9384346193.

Alkalinity plays major role in nitrification process.

Hello everyone:

        Today we will see about importance of alkalinity for nitrification process in shrimp pond. 

Did you know? 

       pH and alkalinity plays major role in nitrification process. 

How did the wastes are converted in shrimp pond? 

       All are know that we are using high protein feed in pond with high stocking density. If you feed 50 kgs per day means then you can imagine how much nitrogenous wastes accumulate in your pond. 

      They are mainly converted by nitrification process. 

Heterotrophic or autotrophic:

      In our culture system, we have to maintain stabilized heterotrophic colonies for better pond bottom management. 

      We are using heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria for pond management. 

What they are doing? 

        They are mainly involved in nitrification process. They are converting the huge organic wastes into energy. 

What they need for that process? 

       The pH and alkalinity plays a major role in the nitrification process. In general pH and alkalinity will drop in nitrification process. 

        Most of us facing the common alkalinity problem in our pond. 

        Alkalinity must need for the  nitrification process. If alkalinity not sufficient, then the nitrification process will stop. 

It leads to..... Poor water quality and toxic gas formations. 

When the pH drops below 7.2 and goes above 8.5 those problems will occurs. The optimum pH range must be 7.2-8.5 for better nitrification process. The alkalinity must be above 120 mg/l.

When the intracellular pH of the bacteria lower than the extracellular environment then the ammonia will penetrate into the bacteria and inhibit the process. 

When the intracellular pH of the bacteria is higher than extracellular environment then the acid will inhibit the bacterial growth. 

Maintanence of pH and alkalinity is important factor in shrimp farming. 

Kindly refer my previous blogs to know info about nitrification and beneficial bacteria. 

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                   Thank you. 

Contact for more info... and better consultancy. 

P. Dhivagar BFSc, 

9384346193.