Copper and shrimp - Facts.

Hello everyone:

      Today we will see about some of the interesting things about the relationship between copper and vannamei. 

Is copper good or bad? 

      Copper is a important trace mineral which is required by crustaceans for their function especially in hormone and enzymes synthesis. When the copper is exposed to excess level then it cause severe problem to shrimp then leads to death. 

Respiration:

      Copper is a important carrier in oxygen transport in crustaceans because haemocyanin contain copper as a transport medium. 

Enzymes:

      Some of the copper dependent enzymes are found in the body of crustaceans. But how to predict the required level of copper? Yes, it is depends on various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. 

Molting and reproduction:

      It is proven that certain amount of copper supplements induces molting in  shrimp. It also induces gonadal development and maturation. 

      Several hemolymph proteins also contributes to the new shell formation during molting time. At that time copper also plays important role in shell hardening. 

      The amount of minerals in shrimp body will varies from different molting stages. Some of prophenoloxidase in shrimp also depends on the copper and plays important role in shell hardening and repair. 

Hepatopancreas in shrimp stores and releases copper during molting times. 

Hemolymph activity shows increasing during Ecdysis. At that time these trace minerals also plays role in shell hardening. 

When the dose exceeds the limit then it cause respiratory stress and mortality in shrimp. 

Thank you. 

Contact for shrimp farm technical support. 

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P. Dhivagar BFSc, 

+91 9384346193

How stress leads to disease in aquatic animals..

Hello everyone:

      Today we will see about an interesting topic.. How stress leads to disease in aquatic organisms. 

Let's go...... 

     Culture of aquatic organism is an interesting task, we have to manage water quality, manage animal health, feeding, growth and everything. 

     But stress is a factor where we can't avoid in certain situations during our culture. 

 

Breeding to Harvest... 

Animal can get stress in different phases throughout the culture. 

For example: Acclimatization is an important step to be handled with care to avoid osmotic shock to the organism. 

How stress leads to disease:

    Stress can occurs in organism by different factors like Physical, chemical or biological factors. 

Ex: Handling during sampling ( physical and also stress caused by environment). 

Animals attain certain stages after stress:

1. Sudden or alarming reaction. 

2. Stage of resistance to certain stress. 

3. Stage of exhaustion. 

If any stress occurs for an animal, then it will reacts fastly to overcome the stress and reacts fast to maintain the body in homeostasis. 

Example : If any DO problem occurs then the animal will move to surface of the water. This is an alarming reaction. 

In second stage, animal will give the maximum resistance to certain stress. If any fish or shrimp stockes at high density and stress will plays an important role. There is a easy chance for stress and disease prevalence. 

In third stage, when an animal unable to overcome the stress then it leads to disease. It is called stage of exhaustion. 

These stress resisting factors will be managed by several Hormones from pituitary gland. These are called General Adaptation Syndrome. These are regulated by hormone.

These are several stages of disease occurance in aquatic  organism when it goes under stress. 

There are lot to discuss about this... Will continue in next blog. 

Thanks and regards, 

P. Dhivagar BFSc, 

+91 9384346193.