Important factors and basics in diet formulation and management.

Hello everyone:

       Today we will see about some of the intresting things about diet formulation for selected species. 

Feed formulation is an important process and various factors involved in this process. 

It is a process by which the diet must satisfy the nutritional requirements of target species. 

Important constituents in feed:

1. Body builders - Protein, minerals, salt. 

2. Energy providers - Carbohydrates, fats. 

3. Regulators - Vitamins. 

These above mentioned are some of the factors must be present in feed to fulfill the nutritional requirements of species. 

Factors to be considered:

1. Nutritional requirements of species. 

2. Ingredients. 

3. Digestibility . 

4. Required gross energy and energy produced by the feed. 

5. Interactions between minerals, vitamins etc.. 

The quality of ingredients vary based on the season, soil texture, method of harvesting, processing, storage. These factors may alter the nutritional composition of the ingredients. The ingredients must be checked its nutritional value before consideration. 

It must be checked with aflatoxins, and other enzyme inhibitors. 

Some of the vitamins have sparing effects against carbohydrates and fats. 

Water soluble vitamin deficient is a major concern and leads to various disease in cultured species. 

Some of the minerals like copper and zinc may have antagonistics effects. 

Some of the minerals requirements based on the presence of some other minerals. 

These are the important factors, so every formulator must know about nutritional requirements, and about these compounds interactions in diet. 

Feed additives like antioxidants, feed pellet binders, anabolic agents, enzymes, probiotics, also plays important role in make the feed more stable and maintain its palatability. 

These are the some of the steps in basics formulation and these factors should be considered before formulation. 

Thank you.. 

P. Dhivagar BFSc, 

+91 9384346193

Some of the tips to minimize operational cost in shrimp farming.

Hello everyone:

       Today we will see about some of the steps to minimize the operational cost in shrimp farming. 

        Nowadays, it is very essential and important topic to discuss. The farm gate price for vannamei in India and other parts of the world decrease in recent days. 

        Farmers are struggling to manage their farm outputs. Today we will see some of the steps to control or minimize the operational cost. 

1. Optimize the stocking density, it is an important reason for many causes in shrimp farming. The first thing you have to minimize your stocking density. 

      Thereby the needs and operational will be low, It reduces some other inputs which may cause serious issues due to high stocking density. 

Seed selection is an important parameter for success of the crop. 

2. Opimize and increase the frequency of health products by reducing their dose. When your dumping all the dose in a single time will not greatly impact the results. If your using inputs at low to higher dose in multiple frequency will reduce the problem and gives better results. 

3. Proper biosecurity to reduce some of the serious issues. Whatever the stocking density but you have to follow proper biosecurity protocols to prevent loss and contamination. 

4. Increase fermentation and proper selection of probiotics. 

5. Avoid to give multiple supplements in a single day. 

6. Proper feed management by inspecting check tray in a proper time. 

7. Maitain primary Productivity of your pond throughout the culture for better immune response and growth of shrimp. 

8. Avoid usage of multiple chemicals in pond. If you are following proper probiotic protocol with optimum stocking density, you can reduce most of your serious problems in your pond. 

9. Applications will be based on requirements and not based on DOC and SIZE of shrimp. 

10. If your doing any application, it must be available to shrimp so the method of application should be proper. 

11. Avoid default things. 

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Contact for any doubts or queries.. 

Thanks, 

P. Dhivagar BFSc, 

+91 9384346193

Why warm water holds less oxygen? How water temperature affects growth of aquatic organism.

Hello everyone:

      Today we will see about some of the intresting views about dissolved oxygen in water. 

Are you heard about that? 

    Warm water holds less oxygen than cold water. Did you thinked why? 

Here is the answer for that... 

   Yes, it is correct, warm water holds less oxygen than cold water. The temperature of water greatly varies from season to season. Water temperature is greatly influenced by solar radiation. 

   During higher temperature, the biochemical reactions occurs faster in water. The activity of organism, metabolism, respiration are getting increased. They also cause increase in water temperature through respiration. 

     In higher the temperature of water, the movement of particles and matters in water gets react very fastly and pulls the oxygen molecules into atmosphere. This is why the warm water holds less DO than cold water. 

  The growth of animals will be higher at certain increased temperature but it will be not a constant growth.

    If the temperature of water increases further then it completely affects the growth and leads to death of organism. 

     The working of immune system depends on optimum water temperature.

     If water temperature varies, certain pathogens which may virulent at that temperature affects the aquatic organism. 

     The increasing in water temperature may forms stratification layer in water.. Maintenance of depth below 2 meters is important to regulate aeration and prevents stratification layer in water. 

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Thanks and regards, 

P. Dhivagar BFSc, 

+91 9384346193