Info about aquaculture. Spending time restless

Hello everyone:     Today we will see about the use of fermented probiotics application in shrimp farming.     I already posted in my blog about aerobic, anaerobic bacteria uses in shrimp pond and definition about probiotics and it uses. Fermented probiotics application before stocking:      If you are doing shrimp culture, then you definitely know about this fermented probiotics application in your pond.        Different farmers uses different ingredients in the fermentation medium. Before that I tell about benefits of yeasts. Note: Prebiotics+ Probiotics = Synbiotics. If your applied the fermented probiotics with the help of prebiotics like ricebran then the final product called Synbiotics.  We can't separately use prebiotic sources because some of them needs breakdown process through fermentation. We can't directly add probiotics because before adding we have to activate and proliferate the amount of beneficial bacteria. For this reason only, we are going to ferm

Hello everyone:    Today we will see about occurance and effect of blue green algae in shrimp pond. What is blue green algae?     Blue green is also known as cyanobacteria. Yes it is a type of bacteria. There many confusion in which kingdom it goes.. it is a prokaryotic (no nucleus). It is a photosynthetic organism and have various pigments like ... Chlorophyll a - You saw green colour in this algae. This green colour is due to this pigment. Blue pigment - phycobilin.  It is called as Blue green algae. Some have red pigments and carotenoids . How we find in pond?       You can easily observe the blue green algae by visual appearance. It have dark green in colour . It forms a mate at corner of the pond(at initial stage). Then it will spread to the entire pond. Looks like green paint. Examples:       Microcystis, nostoc, oscillatoria, anabaena etc... (Microcystis mostly found). Did you know?     Blue green algae have the capability of making mutual relationship with others. Ex: Anabaena

Hello everyone:   Today we will see about white feces syndrome occurance and what are the major cause of white feces disease in shrimp. In most of the cases white feces syndrome is not occurs alonely in pond. It is a one type of additional disease. If any infection comes to shrimp hepatopancreas then it will leads to the white feces disease. You can note that if your shrimp affected by EHP and Vibrio then later white feces disease comes. We prevents the disease only by improving the hepatopancreas strength. It occurs when the hepatopancreas of the Shrimp severely affects .  White feces syndrome  - white to yellow brown of feces strings floats on the surface of water or found in check tray. It have good buoyant capacity for floating. Shrimp bottom have various wastes and various types of pathogens present. If shrimp eats from the bottom then all types of microorganisms present in the bottom will enter into the shrimp gut . So we have maintain good microflora in the shrimp gut. AHPND o

Hello everyone:   Today we will see some intresting topic. Anyone think about this? What happens to the Moulted shells and what reaction happens inside the shrimp pond. Some interesting things happens.... Come on lets jump into the topic...... Exoskeleton :       Shrimp is a crustacean which have exoskeleton for an protective cover of the body. It gives protection to the shrimp from disease and predations etc.. Shrimp have a moulting cycle. It occurs on the interval based on the body weight of the Shrimp. In early stages moulting happens daily .  Composition :  The exoskeleton of the shrimp mainly consist of chitin and minerals. Chitin is a aminosugar compound(modified polysaccharide) which means it majorly contains carbohydrates and some nitrogen compounds .  Many of people thinks , chitin is a protein but it is not right. The major minerals present in the shell is calcium, phosphorous  and also sodium, zinc , carbonates also present in the shell. After moulting:  After moulting t

Hello everyone: Everyone knows, In shrimp ponds, if ammonia increases then add zeolite to reduce ammonia. Everyone tells zeolite removes ammonia. But we must know the reaction for better clarification.  Zeolite : We can tell it is the type of mineral which contains sodium, aluminium, silicate. It has special function called adsorption (உறிஞ்சுதல்). Zeolite have tetrahedral shape, it has a entry channels for adsorption. Zeolite can adsorbs 30% from their body weight. Imagine it can adsorbs how much? It is in powdered form. Zeolite have pores for absorbing gases. It is mainly works on cationic exchange .  How it works? We don't directly apply zeolites granules to the water because if we applied directly means, there is chance for absorbing water and atmospheric air or other things through the pore size in zeolite in shrimp pond. So it make competition for absorbing ammonia. Our aim is for removing Ammonia. If we make some small balls or mixed the with sand and make balls is better f

Hello everyone:         Today we will see about important disease occurs in shrimp farming called EHP. EHP, white spot syndrome, Vibrio, white gut, white fecal disease. These are incurable.         Hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis is a disease caused by Enterocytozoan hepatopenaei, we called it as EHP . It is a microsporidian parasites and have intracellular action on host cell. It penetrates into the host cell and start multiplication.           It is first discovered in P.monodon in Thailand in 2004, but it causes severe loss and wide spread from 2009. Symptoms :           By physical observation, we can't detect EHP in shrimp. We thought like, yes our shrimp grows well, no problem, but EHP shows it's work after some DOC. If your shrimp affected with EHP means, huge size variation occurs on the population. Shrimp grows very slowly . Farmers have a general doubt, before stocking we checked EHP for the seeds, at the time negative results came but how it affects? How it is

Hello everyone:          Nowadays, vibrio is a major threat to the shrimp farms mainly due to improper management of pond quality. It will leads to sudden mortality of all shrimps and huge economic loss occurs. If you are know about shrimp farming, definitely you often heard the word about vibrio.vibrio..vibrio..           We have all the things for shrimp farming, we must ensure to have sufficient knowledge and proper maintenance of shrimp culture.. Vibriosis :           It is a disease causes by the vibrio species. It is aquatic microorganism. We can't completely remove or eradicate the vibrio from pond. We have to do maintenance and controlling the proliferation of the bacteria.          Vibrio is a gram negative and rod shaped bacteria. It is a facultative anaerobes (live with or without oxygen),but in high oxygenated condition it can produce high ATP for their survival.            We often heard that, vibrio is majorly found in the shellfishes and cause poisoning. Yes, it is m

Hello everyone: Today we will see about reaction of quick lime in soil and it's importance in aquaculture. Instead of lime other materials also used such as dolomite etc. Particularly we see about quick lime. Burnt lime(Cao) If we treated burnt lime with water, it forms calcium hydroxide ( hydrated lime or slaked lime). Slaked lime is prepared by hydration with water. Quick lime (Cao):    It is also called as burnt lime or unslaked lime. It is named as burnt lime because of its method of  production.     Everyone know that before going for stocking, we have to do liming and also heard that all persons use quick lime to the soil preparation. I am right?     If it is a new pond or previously cultivated pond, anything it may be. But liming is important. If it is previously cultured pond means, there is lot of sludge,it is in acidic conditions and contains toxic ions, sulfur compounds. We want to correct it.      Generally clayey pond bottom have acidic conditions with lot of Hydrogen

Hello everyone: In this topic, we will see the small overview about which water is best for vannamei culture. All are know , P.vannamei is highly cultured species in India due to its adoptability to various salinity of water. Yes, it adopt to various salinity and have good survival in high stocking densities. Good international market value. SPF seeds also available. So everyone likes to culture vannamei. Seawater : P.vannamei is cultured from varied salinity (0-35ppt). Seawater is mainly composed of various ions like chloride, sodium, Magnesium, potassium, calcium . These are the important ions which is required for the proper shrimp growth and development. These ions very essential for osmoregulatory functions. In early stages of shrimp (post larvae) it must present in high saline water. Above PL 10 is best for altering salinity for adoptations.  Seawater has the ability to prevent and control the solubility of gases such as carbon dioxide and other toxic gases . It also controls

Hello everyone:     Today we will discuss about the occurance of algal blooms and crashes in shrimp pond.     These are the planktons, they are microscopic and survive by the process of photosynthesis in pond. They use inorganic nutrient and convert them into energy for their growth.    We all know the limiting nutrients in freshwater and marinewater.     Nitrogen - Marine water.    Phosphorus - Freshwater. The main reason for the algal bloom is increased nutrient concentration in pond water . In shrimp ponds, we apply many nutrient and use high protein feed. There is lot of possibilities in feed wastage and accumulation in bottom. Nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation in the pond bottom is the main reason for the bloom formation. If any imbalance between the microbial colonies or improper feed management can lead to increases in nitrogen concentration. Phosphorus occured mainly by fertilizer application and runoff waters. Because phosphorus is accumulated in the soil. If runoff occurs,

Hello everyone:  Today we will see about ammonia and nitrite formation in shrimp pond and will see the reason why salts added to reduce nitrite in shrimp pond . Before that ... We must know about osmoregulation. Yes, Osmoregulation is a physiological process that occurs in aquatic organism to maintain the fluid in equilibrium. It said as salt and water balance of an organism. It happens in every aquatic organism.   Freshwater fish - high salt in body than the surrounding medium .   Marinewater fish - low salt in the body than the environment. Usually the osmosis is the movement of water from low to high concentrated solution. kidney and gills do osmoregulation process.Through the skin and gills the exchange of water and salt takes place. In Marine fishes have low concentration of salt in body compared to the environment. You imagine the Marine fish lives in the water with high salt content. The water present in the fish body moves into the environment through skin. This process is o