Info about aquaculture. Spending time restless

Hello everyone:          Today we will see about the antinutritional factors of plant based proteins which is used in aquaculture....  Why feed cost is high?       Mainly due to presence of high protein and different manufacturing processes.    Where the proteins comes from?       Mostly animal based ingredients. Very minor only plant based ingredients.  Why plant based proteins are not majorly used?       The main reason is the presence of antinutritional factors in plant based meal.      Another reason is the fatty acid profile and some minor nutrient profile which is not properly found in plant based meal compared to animal based ingredients .  Note : But in some fish species, majorly they using plant based proteins. Take for an example of herbivore species... They mostly prefer plant based meal for the growth.  Which plant based meal we mostly using?         All are heard about soyabean meal in fish or shrimp feed. Which is used in combination with fish meal in feeds. It is mostly

Hello everyone:       Today we will see about formation of white muscle in shrimp.  In general.....       If we saw , white muscle in shrimp means, we say it is due to minerals deficiency. But my pond have optimum minerals range, then what is the reason?     In around the world, several diseases like IMNV ( Infectious myonecrosis virus) and Penaeid white tail disease ( by noda virus) are identified.  What I do if I saw white muscle?       First you must know about different reasons for white muscle. It may be due to..             - Minerals deficiency.             - It may be due to minerals imbalances in your pond.             - It may be due to sudden change or increase of temperature and salinity of your pond.        When the temperature rise, then you can saw small patches of white muscle in your shrimp. It is due to coagulation.  Other than this.... If your shrimp gets white muscle in severely , you have to check all parameters. Then clearly observe for presence of any lesions in

Hello everyone:        Today we will see about nitrifiers.  In our culture pond, we give any nitrifiers?  All are studied that Nitrosomonas and nitrobacter is involved in nitrification.  But the truth in our pond is fully different...        These Nitrosomonas and nitrobacters are chemolithotrophic bacterias. But, we uses mostly heterotrophic bacteria for effective nitrification in our pond.  1. The important thing is proliferation time. Nitrifiers takes more time upto several hours for proliferation in water. But heterotrophic bacteria needs minimal time.  2. These heterotrophic bacterias have the ability for forming spores. So, it remains active in the shrimp pond at several intervals.        But, nitrifiers are not able to form spores.  3. The important thing in nitrifiers is, they can complete the nitrification at super fast only in the presence of excess of ammonia. So only  the nitrifiers only used in the waste water treatment plants, and present in the biofilters. It requires ex

Hello everyone:                    Today we will see one of the interesting topic about periphyton . Did you heard the word periphyton? Had you seen that?      Yes, it is present in your pond. It is a group of organism like algae, planktons, some of autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms, protozoa, fungi....  What is the problem?               I think, nowadays most of the shrimp ponds facing the turbidity problem. It may be due to aging of ponds or due to improper strengthening. Anyway sometimes it is unavaoidable. We are using continues aeration in shrimp ponds.      We have to strengthen our pond dikes at regular interval to prevent the erosion.              We know that, shrimp mostly prefers microinvertebrates, zooplanktons. Periphyton community also a very good food source. The species composition in this colony may varies from place, nutrient availability, selection of cultured species etc..            The periphyton grows well in a submerged substrates . Many

Hello everyone:           Today we will see about loose shell syndrome in vannamei...  Due to increased production, adaptation of various technology, high stocking density, improper management leads to origin of new disease in shrimp farming industry.     What is it?           Before that, you must be clear about moulting cycle of shrimp.            In this syndrome, there is gap present between muscle and shell and also shells looks like paper in structure. If you touch the exoskeleton, it is very soft. Muscles also so soft.        Sometimes after moulting, the shrimp get hardens it's shell. This happened within few hours. At stage of after moulting, the body looks so soft. So don't confused with that.        The affected shrimp shows reduced growth rate. The affected shrimp lost its weight... What is the main reason?           We can't tell the correct reason for this occurance. But we can tell certain situations can cause this type of syndrome. The first and foremost th